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醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語翻譯-病例翻譯
病例常用詞匯
一、發(fā)燒 Fever
發(fā)燒
發(fā)燒：become feverish; have a temperature
發(fā)高燒：have a high fever
平常有微熱，有幾次升到38.4度：have low grade (slight) fever to 38.4℃ on a few occasions
沒有發(fā)燒：be afebrile; have no fever
體溫升高
體溫上升：have an elevation of temperature
發(fā)高燒伴隨惡寒：have high temp. associated with chill
體溫上升，有惡寒：have chills with high temperature
體溫降低
體溫急速下降：one's fever falls (abates; declines) promptly
體溫開始減低：fever began to remit
體溫似乎是減退了：fever seemed to abate
體溫降到正常：fever dropped (was reduced) to normal
體溫慢慢地下降(上升)：with slow lysis ( cirsis) of fever
體溫一天一天地低下來：fever became lower day by day
二、睡眠 Sleep
睡眠障礙
非常愛睡：be unusually sleepy
貪睡：be fond of sleep
無法控制的嗜睡：uncontrollable somnolence
易醒：be easily wakened
時(shí)常在晚上醒過來：often wake up at night.
不能熟睡：sleep is not sound
晚上睡得不很熟：do not sleep well at night
睡覺不能多過數(shù)小時(shí)：sleep for no longer than a few hours.
由于呼吸短促睡不著：have sleepless night with shortness of breath
今年冬天由于夜間性氣喘一直失眠：had insomnia this winter due to nocturnal asthma
患失眠癥：have (develop) insomnia
睡眠不足：want(lack) of sleep; insufficient sleep
不易入睡：have trouble getting to sleep
睡眠無多大的障礙：sleep is not greatly disturbed
失眠病人：insomniac
三、疼痛 Pain
疼痛的發(fā)生
感覺疼痛：feel (have; suffer from) a pain; pain is felt in ; feel painful
頭痛：have a headache; be troubled with a headache; feel a pain in one's head
患劇烈頭痛：have a nasty (bad) headache
時(shí)常頭痛：be subject (a martyr) to headaches
有撞擊似的兩側(cè)性頭痛：have bilateral pounding headaches
頭痛逐漸地變?yōu)轭l發(fā)(較不嚴(yán)重)：headaches gradually become more frequent (less severe)
疼痛的種類
恒常(痛)：constant
間歇(痛)：intermittent
偶(痛)：occasional
急性(痛)：acute
鈍麻(痛)，悶(痛)：dull
搏動(dòng)性的：throbbing
抽搐(痛)：tic
抽(痛)：twinge
銳(痛)，急(痛)：sharp
刺(射)痛：stabbing ( shooting) pain
鉆錐(痛)：boring
穿刺(痛)：piercing
竄(痛)：darting
被咬樣的(痛)：gnawing
似裂(痛)：tearing (splitting)
脹(痛)：bursting
刀割樣(痛)：knife like
痙攣(痛)：crampy
拉(痛)：dragging
箍(痛)：girdle like (constricting)
痛得打滾：writhing
極痛的：excruciating
切割的(痛)：lancinating
絞性痛：colic (colicky pain)
劇痛：severe (pungent; intense)
感應(yīng)痛：referred pain
墜痛：bearing down pain
發(fā)生遍身的酸痛：develop diffuse body aching
有劇烈的骨盤痛：have exquisite pelvic pain
牙痛頻發(fā)：continual bouts of toothache
一陣陣劇烈的牙痛：the pangs of a toothache
帶有胸膜炎性狀的右胸痛：right sided pain of a pleuritic character
發(fā)生陣痛性的疼痛：have labor like pains
疼痛再發(fā)
pain reappears (relapses); pain breaks out again; a return of the pain
疼痛放射
pain radiates ( travels) to …; pain radiating from … to …; radiation of the pain to …
疼痛部位
疼痛存在于：the pain is limited to; the pain is located (localized; situated) in (or over) ; there is localized pain in …
遍在痛：generalized (general; extensive; unlocalized) pain
疼痛減輕
疼痛減輕：pain is relieved by , relieve (ease, allay, alleviate, assuage, abate, soothe) the pain, pains decrease (grow less, go down , fall off)
疼痛減輕了：the pain became lighter
疼痛的嚴(yán)重度減少：the severity of the pain waned
疼痛未停止：the pain did no ease
四、胃腸 Stomach & Bowels
胃
胃不調(diào)：upset stomach
消化不良：have bad (impaired: defective) digestion; suffer from indigestion (dyspepsia)
胃有毛?。篽ave a disordered stomach (stomach disorder); something is wrong with one's stomach.
因過食而傷胃：injure one＇s stomach by overeating oneself
覺食物積滯胃中：feel heavy on the stomach
食物不易消化：lie (sit) heavy on one's stomach
惡心
欲嘔：feel nauseated
有晨吐：have morning sickness
夜吐(飯后惡心)：nocturnal (postprandial) nausea
暈船(車)：be sea (car) sick
有點(diǎn)惡心：have (experience) some nausea
嚴(yán)重的作嘔：have considerable retching
里急后重時(shí)發(fā)生惡心和嘔吐：have a spell of N & V while straining at stool
患食欲不振和惡心：be anorexic and nauseated
偶而惡心和嘔吐：develop occasional nausea and vomiting
老是溢酸，感覺腹脹：burp all the time, feel bloated
吐出清凈透明的胃容物：with vomiting of clear gastric contents
嘔吐停了，消失了：vomiting stopped (ceased), cleared
止吐：settle the stomach
打噎：belch (eruct; eructate)
大便
解大便：open (relax; evacuate) the bowel; have a passage
有便意：have a call of nature
有1次(2次)大便：have a motion (two motions)
沒有大便：be constipated
平均每天大便12次：averaged 12 stools daily
發(fā)覺糞便中有很多血：noticed gross blood in one＇s stools
開始一天解8次松的多脂糞便：began to pass 8 loose greasy stools per day
大便增加到一天4—5次：stools increased in number to 4 or 5 daily
更換尿布時(shí)有些糞便：have some stool in each diaper change
大便檢查
種類：ordinary, dry, hard, loose(soft), large, watery(liquid), formed, formless, frothy, mucous, bloody, ricewater, peasoup, tarry
臭味：odorless, extremely foul, sour, putrid, less offensive in odor, offensive but no excessively foul
顏色：black, tarry, brownishblack, brown, red, green, yellow, lightbrown, greywhite (claycolored)
便秘
便秘：suffer from constipation
慣性便秘：habitual constipation
時(shí)常便秘：be always constipated
有便秘傾向：have a tendency to be constipated
只有灌腸才能緩和嚴(yán)重的便秘：one＇s severe constipation was relieved only by enemas
腹瀉
晨瀉，水瀉，粘液性腹瀉，慢性腹瀉：diarrhea (morning, watery, mucous, dysenteric, chronic)
腹瀉：diarrhea (輕癥 mild,拖延的 protracted, 無法控制的 uncontrolled, 難醫(yī)的intractable)
患腹瀉：suffer from diarrhea; have (an attack of ) diarrhea; have loose bowels
短期的腹瀉發(fā)生了：a brief episode of diarrhea occurred
開始瀉腹(自然消失，于兩天后消失)：diarrhea commenced (spontaneously disappeared, cleared after 2 days)
偶而瀉肚子：have occasional diarrhea
腹瀉厲害，在3—7次之間：diarrhea varied in severity from 3 to 7 B.M.
不得不服藥：be obliged to take physics
腹瀉未因吃脫脂牛奶而轉(zhuǎn)佳：received skim milk without any improvement in the diarrhea
用瀉藥：use a purgative
五、排尿生殖器
尿
colorless,clear,transparent,translucent(semitransparent),opaque, milky(opalescent) cloudy(turbid), orange, greenish, dirty blue, green, yellow(amber; straw), red, bright red, brown yellow, dark-brown, brown-dark, light brown, pale yellow, faint pale, clay-colored, patty-colored
排便
micturate; make(pass) water; void; piss
一夜有2次小便：have nocturia twice nightly (a night)
這次住院時(shí)解出一個(gè)結(jié)石：pass a stone on this admission
小便渾濁：one's urine is thick(colored)
解出極渾濁，乳白色的尿：the passage of highly turbid, milky urine
頻尿：frequent urination(micturition)
無法忍受的頻尿：intolerable frequency of urination
終末性血尿：terminal hematuria
終末尿帶有幾滴血：urine terminates with a few drops of blood
排尿痛：micturition pain
解尿時(shí)左腰疼痛：have pain in the left loin on micturition
小便流勢良好：void with a good stream
尿流細(xì)?。簊mall u
六、呼吸 Resp，咳嗽 Cough，痰 Sputum
呼吸
呼吸困難：breathe hard (with difficulty) ; have difficulty in breathing ( respiration)
呼吸困難：dyspnea (夜間性 nocturnal, 發(fā)作性paroxysmal)
安靜時(shí)(運(yùn)動(dòng)性)呼吸困難：dyspnea at rest (on exertion)
常發(fā)生發(fā)作性夜間呼吸困難：frequent episodes of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
呼吸困難突然厲害起來：have sudden increase in dyspnea
患輕微的運(yùn)動(dòng)性呼吸困難：have some mild exertional dyspnea
患急性呼吸困難：have an acute attack of dyspnea
無呼吸困難：have no respiratory embarrassment
偶有心悸：have occasional palpitations
心悸反復(fù)發(fā)生：have recurrent episodes of palpations
咳嗽
種類：short, sharp, small, dry(hasty), moist, constant, painful, irritable, spasmodic, wheezing, distressed, rasping
咳個(gè)不停：have a fit of coughing; cough oneself into a fit (fits)
苦咳個(gè)不停：have a hard (racking; convulsive) cough
患4天干燥發(fā)作性咳嗽：experience a 4day episode of dry paroxysmal cough.
2歲時(shí)開始有間歇性煩咳：intermittent hacking cough started at 2 years old
咳嗽減少了：one＇s cough diminished
發(fā)生輕度無痰的干咳：develop slight nonproductive cough
有點(diǎn)(很多)咯血：have minimal (massive) hemoptysis.
咯出一點(diǎn)血：cough (expectorate; spit) up (out) a little blood
開始咯出黑血斑點(diǎn)：began coughing op flecks of dark blood
痰
種類：thin, thick, fetid, serous, frothy, tenacious, viscous,mucous(mucoid),mucopurulent, transparent, seropurulent, rusty
中等量(多量/大量)帶有灰白色痰的咳嗽：moderate amounts (a great deal, large quantities) of grayishwhite sputum
痰涌上咽喉，有酸味：phlegm wells up in the throat and tastes sour
痰堵住嗓子了：phlegm blocked the windpipe
半杯黃色痰：one half cup of yellowish sputum
吐膿性，偶而帶血的痰：produce purulent, occasionally bloodtinged sputum
開始有點(diǎn)咳嗽，并且有約3公撮的血痰：began to have some cough and produced about 3 ml. of bloody sputum.
一點(diǎn)也咳不出痰：do not raise any phlegm at all
咳痰停止了：expectoration ceased
七、神經(jīng)精神系統(tǒng) Neuropsychiatric
神經(jīng)癥狀
一般用語：vertigo, dizziness, dizzy spell, syncope, fainting, sleepy, drowsy, lethargic, insomnia, hiccough, convulsion, seizure, trembling, involuntary movement, numbness, weakness, incoordination, clumsiness of motion, tingling, unsteadiness in walking, difficulty in walking, paresthesia, anesthesia, paralysis, myalgia, thick speech, aphonia
抑郁
一般用語：despondent, gloomy, worried, disgusted, discouraged, scared, fearful, low, afraid, angry, blue ; cheerful, optimistic, pessimistic, satisfied, stable, fluctuating, hilarious
思考能力
一般用語：think less clearly, decreased speed of thinking, decreased clarity of thought, flight of ideas, loss of mental vigor , mental apathy
再也不能集中心力：can no longer concentrate
發(fā)覺集中力減退：noted waning powers of concentration
精神異常
一般用語：hallucination, delusion of persecution（被害妄想）, mental confusion, disorientation, mental aberration, negativism, loss of memory, amnesia, mutism, etc.
老是發(fā)出癡呆、不適當(dāng)?shù)男β暎篺requently exhibit silly inappropriate laughter
對其他小孩殘酷無情：behave brutally toward other children
變?yōu)殡y于駕御：become unmanageable
發(fā)覺個(gè)性顯著變化：a definite personality change is noted
精神失常逐漸厲害起來：have gradually progressive mental deterioration.
發(fā)覺記性障礙有2個(gè)月：noted memory impairment for 2 months.
性癖異常
一般用語：emotional instability, tendency to worry, hot temper, temper outbursts, irritable, shy, fussy, quarrelsome
情緒非常窘迫：be in severe increasing emotional lability
心神不安寧,坐立不安：be restless and fidgety
動(dòng)輒生氣：be easily moved to anger
脾氣暴躁：have temper tantrums
深懷自卑感：harborn deep feelings of inferiority
八、食欲 Appetite，體重 Weight
食欲良好
過食：eat too much (to excess ; heavily); overeat; be intemperate in eating
吃得多 (胃口大開地吃)：eat profusely (with a good appetite)
保持良好食欲：retained an excellent appetite
食欲增進(jìn)：one's appetite improved
食欲有節(jié)制(食欲旺盛，貪食不飽)：have a moderate (good, enormous) appetite
無食欲障礙：one's appetite is undisturbed
食不過飽的人：a moderate (spare; light) eater
過飽的人：a heavy (great; hard) eater
食量：capacity for eating
無食欲
無食欲：have no (little) appetite (for food); lose (have no) relish for one's food; loss (lack) of appetite; loss of interest in food
發(fā)覺（有點(diǎn)）食欲不振：noted (minimal) anorexia
食欲不定（無食欲障礙）：one's appetite is variable (undisturbed)
食欲反復(fù)無常：have a capricious appetite
食欲不佳：have a poor (feeble; weak; delicate) appetite
胃口變得更加不好：became more anorexic
失去平常的食欲：lose one's usual appetite
食欲減退：appetite decreases (reduces; declines; falls off)
吃得少：eat poorly (sparingly) ;take little food; poor food intake
不想吃：be disinclined to eat
取食不規(guī)則：eat irregularly
停吃：cease eating
促進(jìn)食欲：improve (stimulate; sharpen; whet) the appetite
口渴
口渴：be (feel) thirsty
口一直很渴：continue to have excessive thirst
喝大量的水：drink water generously
對碳酸飲料發(fā)生不尋常的愛好：develop an unusual craving for carbonated beverages
要少喝茶水：be advised to decrease one's tea drinking
體重減輕
住院時(shí)體重：admission weight
最高（最低）體重：maximal (minimal) weight
體重減少，但未知多少：weight loss of undetermined amount
通常在夏季體重減輕：usually lose weight in the summer months
體重以驚人的速度減少：lose weight with alarming speed
體重始終一樣：weight remained stationary (steady)
體重不變：weight is stable (unchanged)
體重維持不變：weight is well maintained
體重老是50公斤：one's weight is constant (maintained) at 50 kg.
雖然食量增加，體重卻減輕了6公斤：lost 6 kg. in spite of increased intake of food
問診常用英語
一、一般病情
他覺得頭痛、惡心、想吐。
He feels headache, nausea and vomiting.
他感到反常的疲倦。
He began to feel unusually tired.
他的癥狀有食欲和體重減輕、非常疲倦、發(fā)燒和發(fā)冷。
His symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, excessive fatigue, fever and chills.
他大部份時(shí)間都覺得非常疲倦。
He feels exhausted or fatigued most of the time.
他覺得昏昏欲睡，頭暈?zāi)垦：拖胪隆?nbsp;
He feels drowsy, dizzy and nauseated.
他感到周圍的東西都在打轉(zhuǎn)。
He feels as though everything around him is spinning.
她眼睛四周又痛又癢。
She has some pains and itching around her eyes.
二、傷風(fēng)感冒
他咳嗽帶有綠黃色的痰。
He has been coughing up rusty or greenish-yellow phlegm.
他眼睛發(fā)癢，而且一直在打噴嚏。
His eyes feel itchy and he has been sneezing.
他有發(fā)燒，筋骨酸痛和常?？人浴?/p>
He has a fever, aching muscles and hacking cough. （hacking = constant）
他咳嗽有濃痰，而且覺得很虛弱。
He coughed with sputum and feeling of malaise. （malaise = debility）
他聲音嘶啞，有時(shí)失聲。
He has hoarse and has lost his voice sometimes.
他呼吸時(shí)，有氣喘似的呼哧呼哧作響。
His breathing is harsh and wheezy.
有時(shí)突然間太陽穴刺痛。
He has a stabbing pain that comes on suddenly in one or both temples.
他流鼻水，打噴嚏和喉嚨沙啞。
He has a runny nose, sneezing or a scratchy throat.
三、女性疾病
她發(fā)覺乳房有個(gè)腫塊。
She has noticed one lump in her breast.
她左乳房疼痛且腫大。
Her left breast is painful and swollen.
她月經(jīng)來的很多。
She has heavy bleeding with her periods.
她陰道分泌物帶白色或綠黃色，而且氣味不好。
Her vaginal discharge is white or greenish-yellow and unpleasant smelling.
在月經(jīng)來的前后，她有時(shí)也發(fā)覺有滴滴達(dá)達(dá)的流血。
She has noticed occasional spotting of blood between periods.
她月經(jīng)來時(shí)疼痛，而且陰道有不正常的分泌物。
She has painful periods and abnormal vaginal discharge.
四、手腳毛病
我右腳底有個(gè)像肉疣般的硬塊。
There is a wart-like lump on the sole of right foot.
他的足踝好像腫了，用手按，有小坑痕。
His ankles look puffy and they pit when he presses them with his finger. （pit = small dent form 句里的 they 和 them 都是指 ankles。）
左腳酸痛，并有紅腫。
The pain in his left foot is accompanied by redness and swelling.
指頭和指節(jié)旁邊的關(guān)節(jié)，似乎有腫大。
The joints near his fingernails and knuckles look swollen.
他的手和指頭感到麻木和刺痛。
He has numbness and tingling in his hands and fingers.
激烈運(yùn)動(dòng)后，他的腿就痛。
His legs become painful following strenuous exercise.
他的膝蓋有點(diǎn)畸形，也不能動(dòng)。
His knee is misshapen or unable to move.
他的腋窩腫大。
There are some swellings in his armpit.
他的膝蓋不舒服，已有一段時(shí)間了。
His knee has been bothering him for some time.
五、男性疾病
他很難控制小便。
He has difficulty controlling his bladder. （bladder 是膀胱）
他的睪丸有些硬塊。
There are some lumps on his testicles.
他小便時(shí)感到發(fā)熱和疼痛。
He has had burning or pain when he urinates.
他的陰囊有不痛的腫大。
He has had painless swelling in his scrotum.
他小便不暢通。
He has difficulty starting his urine flow.
他小便流動(dòng)得很慢很弱。
His urine stream is very weak and slow.
他小便后，還會(huì)有少量零星地滴下。
He dribbles a little urine after he has finished urinating.
他的陰莖排出一些流膿。
He has had some discharge from his penis.
他的小便混濁，而且氣味不好。
His urine is cloudy and it smells strong.
他的胯部感到隱痛。
He has a dull heavy ache in the crotch.
他咳嗽或打噴嚏時(shí)，會(huì)有點(diǎn)泄尿。
He has a small leakage of urine when he coughs or sneezes.
六、呼吸方面
他要用口呼吸。
He has to breathe through his mouth.
喘氣，即使不運(yùn)動(dòng)，也是上氣不接下氣。
He is short of breath, even when he has not been exercising, he is breathless.
干咳，沒有痰。
His cough is dry, producing no phlegm.
咳嗽有血。
He has coughed up blood.
感冒時(shí)鼻子不通。
His nose stuffed up when he had a cold.
他多半時(shí)間咳出濃濃的痰。
He coughs up a lot of phlegm thick spit on most days.
他胸部覺得悶悶的，好像透不過氣來。
He has a feeling of tightness in the chest or a feeling that he is suffocating.
七、口腔毛病
他的牙齒和下巴疼痛。
He has pain in his teeth or jaw.
他咬東西時(shí)，牙齒就痛。
The tooth hurts only when he bites down on it. （動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)：hurt，hurt， hurt，bite，bit，bit）
他的牙床紅腫。
His gums are red and swollen.
他的舌頭到處紅和痛。
His tongue is red and sore all over.
他牙床出血。
His gums do bleed.
他的牙床和下巴腫痛。
He has some sore swellings on his gum or jaw.
他的嘴唇和周圍都很痛。
He has sore places on or around the lip.
他的嘴角破了。
There are cracks at the corners of his mouth.
他舌頭里邊有些地方顏色怪怪的。
There are some discolored areas inside on his tongue.
八、腸胃毛病
他飯后肚子覺得脹脹的，很不舒服。
He has a bloated, uncomfortable feeling after meal. （或 He feels bloated after eating. ）
他有一陣陣的肚痛。
He has bouts of abdominal pain.
他感到肚子脹脹的。
He feels bloated in his abdominal area. （注：脹脹的，像（puff up），但不是真正的腫（swell up））
痛是在肚子下半部。
The pain is mainly in the lower upper right part of the abdomen.
他吞下食物時(shí)會(huì)痛。
It is difficult or painful for him to swallow.
他放屁比平常多.
He has passed more gas than usual.
他便秘了好幾天。
He has been constipated for a few days.
他大便時(shí)很痛。
He suffers pains when he moves his bowels.
他的肛門出血。
He has some bleeding from his rectum.
他大便呈灰白色，含油脂的惡臭。
His bowel movements are pale, greasy and foul smelling.
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